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Static
Electricity
Although
static electricity is perhaps more known as an
annoying and somewhat humorous surprise, sensitive
electronic devices such as personal computers
can be seriously damaged by static. Electrostatic
discharge (AKA static) refers to an accumulation
of excess electrical charge, neutralized when
brought close to an electrical conductor, ground
or area with an opposite polarity.
Static
is created by a process known as triboelectric
charging. When two materials
touch, rub, then move apart, electrons
exchanged with one object become electrically
positive and the other becoming electrically
negative. When an uncharged
or oppositely charged object is then
touched, electrons flow between objects
causing an electrical discharge or
spark. Strength of the
charge produced differs according
to materials, surface, temperature,
strain and other properties.
On a daily basis static typically
poses little danger, however, when
opening or servicing a PC or other
electrical equipment, caution should
be taken.
Although not hazardous, the voltage
involved in static electricity can
be upwards of 10,000 volts. Humans
are typically sensitive only to static
above 4000 volts, unfortunately, the
lower, more common voltage levels
can easily destroy circuitry without
any obvious signs. Additionally,
damaged components can often appear
to operate normally for weeks or even
months before beginning to even show
signs of failure.
(Humorous
look at static electricity) .
.
Precautions
1. Grounding: The easiest way to avoid the
harmful effects of static is to ensure charges
are drained to a ground or earth: This
allows all components to be of the same electrical
potential.
Although
it is possible to ground yourself by
maintaining contact with the metal base
of your unplugged PC, touching any foreign
object with a different electrical potential
may still cause inadvertent static discharge.
Maintaining a stable ground is perhaps
the easiest way to minimize potential
damage associated with static.
Specially designed anti-static
wrist straps, which attach to a
grounded source, are available at most
retailers carrying electronic components.
Cordless anti-static straps that
dissipate static are also available
and can help in situations where a tethered
strap is not possible. Pricing
of these devices typically range from
$5 - 50.
2.
Anti-Static Environment: It's best
to clear your work environment of plastics,
metals, electrical devices and static-inducing
objects and clothing. Avoid close
contact with telephones, cell-phones, rolling
chairs as well as nylon, silk, wool and
polyester fabric. If you work with
computers or electronic products on a regular
basis, there are numerous products made
for helping reduce static such as grounding
mats, gloves, straps and specially made
tools. Consider investing in appropriate
devices.
3. Humidity: Dry conditions promote electrical
discharge by increasing the conductivity
of the atmosphere. If possible,
try to work on days with humidity levels
between 35 and 50 percent.
Most common air conditioning equipment also
reduces the humidity of the air by removing
water vapor from the environment. It's
best to also avoid overly air conditioned
areas while working on static sensitive
devices.
Conclusion
Why risk costly product failure? Understanding
the basics of static electricity and taking
simple preventative measures will help you
protect your favorite electronic devices
from the damages caused by static electricity.
